Software Installation
软件包格式及管理器
System
Format
Package Manager
CentOS、RedHat、Fedora
rpm
yum
Debian、Ubuntu
deb
apt
rpm & yum 安装命令
rpm
rpm
# -q 查询软件包
# -qa 查询所有安装的软件包
# -i 安装软件包
# -e 卸载软件包
# e.g.
# rpm -q vim-common
# rpm -qa | grep vim
# rpm -i vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -e vim-common
# -q -e 只需软件名称（不带版本等信息，但也不能简写或缩小）
# -i 则需要软件完整名称（带版本、平台等信息）
# -i -e 后可接多个软件名称，以空格分隔
# NAME: RPM Package Manager
# rpm -ql <software_name>
# 查询软件包包含的文件
# rpm -qf <file_name>
# 查询文件属于哪个软件包yum
yum
# install 安装软件包
# remove 卸载，完全移除软件包，包括所有依赖项（禁止使用）
# list 查看软件包，可以单独查看所有已安装，可升级，可用的软件包
# grouplist 查看软件组包
# groupinstall 安装软件组包
# update 升级软件
# e.g.
# yum install PACKAGE1 PACKAGE2
# yum remove PACKAGE
# yum list
# yum list installed
# yum list updates
# yum list available
# yum grouplist
# yum groupinstall GROUPPACKAGE1 GROUPPACKAGE2
# yum update
# yum update PACKAGE
# -q 安静模式，不显示安装过程
# -y 当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"安装指定版本软件
# 查看某软件版本信息
yum list nginx --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:01 ago on Wed 17 Jul 2024 02:38:51 PM CST.
Available Packages
nginx.x86_64 1.16.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-2.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-2.1.al8 alinux3-os
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-3.1.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-3.1.al8.1 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.18.0-3.2.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.0.1.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.0.2.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.0.3.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-1.0.5.al8 alinux3-updates
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.2-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.22.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.22.1-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.24.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.26.0-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.26.1-1.el8.ngx nginx-stable
nginx.x86_64 1:1.26.1-2.el8.ngx nginx-stable
# 安装指定版本
yum install <package-name>-<version>
yum install nginx-1:1.26.1-2.el8.ngxdpkg & apt
dpkg
# 安装
dpkg -i package-name.deb
# 移除
dpkg -r package-name
# 查询
dpkg -l package-name
apt-get
# 安装软件包
apt-get install <package_name>
# 安装指定版本的软件包
sudo apt-get install kubeadm=1.21.1-00 -y
# 重新安装软件包
apt-get install --reindtall <package_name>
# 卸载软件（不会删除依赖软件包，且保留配置文件）
apt-get remove <package_name>
# 卸载软件，不保留配置文件，删除软件安装包，同时删除相应依赖软件包。
apt-get remove --purge <package_name>
apt-get purge <package_name>
# 更新系统中所有的包到最新版
apt-get upgradeapt-cache
# 搜索软件包
apt-cache search <package_name>
# 显示指定软件包的详细信息
apt-cache show <package_name>
# 查找软件包的依赖关系
apt-cache depends <package_name>apt-cache madison kubeadmapt-mark
# hold 用于将一个包标记为被阻止，这将阻止该包被自动安装、升级或删除。
apt-mark hold kubeadm
# unhold 用于取消先前对包设置的保留，以再次允许所有操作。
apt-mark unhold kubeadm软件包缓存所在目录
# Cache directory
/var/cache/apt/archives/国内软件源镜像站点
配置yum源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
# Backup repo files添加阿里云软件源
Base
# CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
# CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
# CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# Download and save repo fileepel
# CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-5.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-5.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-5.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-5.repo
# CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
# CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoyum clean all
yum makecache
# Rebuild yum cacheyum repolist
# 列出启用的yum源
yum repolist all
# 列出所有的yum源，包含禁用的yum源安装epel源扩展软件仓库
yum install epel-release -y添加nginx官方源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << EOF
[nginx]
name=Nginx
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
EOF添加Mariadb官方源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
# 配置信息如下：
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client -y配置apt源
debian 7.x (wheezy)
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contribdebian 8.x (jessie)
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
debian 9.x (stretch)
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contribLast updated